石虎

以社區為本，建構石虎人獸共存模式

Linh Bao Nguyen, Timothy Bernd Wallace Seekings, Chun-Hung Lee李俊鴻

人與野生動物的共存是保育工作的終極目標。然而，許多管理策略往往聚焦於保護物種及其棲地，卻忽略了受影響社區的觀點。為了符合永續發展的解決方案，本研究以台灣瀕危物種石虎為案例，以發展在地導向的調適管理計畫為目標，在不犧牲地方福祉的前提下，提升保育成效。

本研究運用人類與野生動物共存的調適架構，設計選擇性實驗以了解農民對不同調適策略的偏好，進而找出對社會福祉最有利的保育行動，也分析農民選擇不同策略的影響因子。研究結果顯示農民的偏好具有異質性，也辨識出相關異質性因子。而行為改變的介入措施應該根據不同社會群體的特性與觀點量身訂做。

本研究也發現最受農民青睞的兩項策略為：「設置適合的圍籬以保護家禽」及「採取非侵入性的替代方法控制鼠類，以減少野生動物的二次中毒」。農民對這兩項策略的最高投入意願，分別為每戶每月11.058小時與9.267小時。

最後，本研究發展出三種與農民偏好策略相符的未來共存情境，為有效且具調適性的保育計畫提供參考指引。本研究的實證結果也提供了在地社區對野生動物管理偏好（特別是石虎）的相關見解，同時為政策制定者與保育專業人員提供具體建議。

原文：

Coexistence between humans and wildlife is the ultimate conservation goal. However, management approaches often centre on protecting species and their habitats rather than considering the perspectives of impacted communities. Working towards sustainable solutions, this study aimed to develop local-driven adaptive management plans that maximise conservation success without sacrificing local well-being, using a case study of the endangered leopard cat in Taiwan. 

We integrated the adaptation framework for human–wildlife coexistence into a choice experiment to examine farmers’ preferences for various adaptation strategies to identify optimal conservation efforts for social welfare. In addition, we explored the determinants of their willingness to participate in different management alternatives. Our results confirmed the existence of heterogeneity in farmers’ preferences and heterogeneity factors were subsequently identified. Behaviour change interventions should be carefully customised for specific social groups, considering their distinct perspectives. 

Findings also reveal the most preferred strategies: ‘Installation of appropriate fencing system to protect poultry’ and ‘Alternative non-invasive methods to control rodents to reduce secondary poisoning of wildlife’. The maximum willingness to participate in these two strategies was 11.058 and 9.267 hours/month/household, respectively. 

We then developed three future scenarios for coexistence in accordance with respondents’ favoured strategies, serving as guidelines for effective and adaptive conservation programmes. Our empirical evidence provides insights into local preferences for wildlife management, specifically leopard cats, as well as practical recommendations for policymakers and conservation professionals.